Provenance First Coalition revolutionary France and Netherlands, abducted in 1795, under Ius belli, the right on war and spoils of war, french army dutch royal house (Orange) paintings gallery Wilhelm V. Batavus (1748-1806), La Haye. Informations workshop practice passed on numerous drawings of plants to his sons, which were also artists. pool of drawings. lack of certified paintings fate of his study (Weltkunst connection discovered museum scientists, art historians and research the opportunity henceforth to identify paintings, single-handedly made by through objectively verifiable findings only "Document documents a study elaboration. Han van Dam restaurateur restaurator nederland Jan Vermeer van Utrecht Kardinal Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie RKD Archiv infrared investigation study (IRR-Osiris A1) Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, Braunschweig. responsible curators stated: there were no preparation sketches at all. Jan Davidsz. De Heem developed and changed his compositions directly on the canvas during the painting process. evidence Pentimenti Paeonia peregrina cornucopia foot anchoring point flowers garland. Orange-Nassau' (carried french army Louvre in 1795, Musée des Beaux Arts de Lyon appendant preliminary work portrait painting gift (Deal) William III. of Orange-Nassau, Governor of the Netherlands, King of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1672 (as William II. and "King Billy"). few secured works. facsimile signature publication: Dr. Hugo Toman: Ueber die Malerfamilie de Heem,: Repetitorium für Kunstwissenschaft 1888(Arnold Houbraken, De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders). Premier Commissaire Raschke Antwerpen Friedrich August I. von Sachsen August der Starke 1670-1733 Gemäldegalerie Dresden Sam Segal, Amsterdam Friedrich August I of Saxony, called August the Strong ( 1670-1733) Netherlands infra-red examination Prof. Dr. Claus Grimm Douwes Fine Art Amsterdam Oeuvre catalogue Fred G. Meijer Italian collector Don Antonio Ruffo noble family collection in Messina, Sicily, Baroque art, Rembrandt van Rijn In depth technical study- Artist - Jan Davidsz. De Heem techniques and brushwork - Flemish Baroque art. Forschung new Insights Fred Meijer, RKD, Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie